The Tragic Hero Of Othello By William Shakespeare

A tragic hero is a positive character that has his or her own flaw which eventually leads to his or her death. Death can be caused by actions at the hands of other individuals, or the protagonist himself. An example of a tragic hero is Odysseus and Othello. In the Odyssey, Odysseus’ tragic flaw is his hubris. His unwavering confidence and pride is the reason why the gods punish Odysseus and as a result he does not return home for ten years. Othello s tragic flaw is his jealousy. Throughout the story Iago begins to help influence Othello’s envy to where he takes his wife s life as well as his own. His enviousness is due to his trust in â€Å"honest Iago† who plants the seed of jealousy to which it cultivated until Othello could not be prevented. In Othello, Othello is the tragic hero and has his own flaw which leads to Othello’s demise. Othello’s tragic flaw lies beneath his personality and does not show unless influenced. At this time, Othello is more concerned with the battle against the Turks; therefore Iago does not get the chance to talk to Othello alone. When given the opportunity, Iago looks for ways to help convince Othello of Desdemona and Cassio’s love with one another. Othello has not taken notice of his jealousy as he has not been put into the predicament of being jealous, and he has no reason to be jealous. Amongst his peers, Othello is respected for his work in the army, and Othello is solely focused on his work as a general and is not concernedShow MoreRelatedTragic Hero in Othello by William Shakespeare1306 Words   |  6 Pagesplaywright, William Shakespeare, and see if he has tendencies to certain styles or genres. Shakespeare wrote about thirty-seven plays during his lifetime. Amanda Mabillard explained, â€Å"However, no one can know for certain because of the inexact documen tation at the time the plays were first being organized and published† (para. 1). This meant that many of his plays might had been lost or forgotten. Of the thirty-seven plays he wrote ten tragedies, seventeen comedies, and ten histories. William followedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature tragic heroes can be defined as a character that makes a flawed judgment that inevitably leads to their own demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values areRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1322 Words   |  6 PagesA hero usually a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities (Dictionary.com). In life, heroes will arise whenever they are needed. It may be a tall man that wears a cape and has super powers. As a matter of fact it may be the everyday heroes that are seen giving a homeless man a coffee or helping an old lady cross the street. It may be the heroes that are see in movies and graphic novels, rescuing the princess from her tower or leading their countryRead MoreEssay on The Tragic Hero in William Shakespeare ´s Othello617 Words   |  3 PagesTragic heroes tend to have very pre-determined paths; usually making the most virtuous of characters destined to suffer. The hamartia or ‘tragic flaw’ is the typical reason the hero falls. Shakespeare was noted to be one of the best writers of tragedies, one of his most prominent to be Othello. In Othello, we find a number of tragic flaws two including pride and ambition. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, pride and ambition are used to identify the outcomes for the main characters in the playRead MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The powerRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesConventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one whoRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirementsRead MoreThe Tale of Two Limit Exceeding Men Who Fell Short of Personal Goals1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the hero cycle, reverent tone is used many times, however, as the character progresses through the book, they begin to show their flaw, which, many times is revealed by the changing tones the author uses. In the conclusi on of the story, they accept defeat with honor after discovering their flaw. Changing tones used by both Chinua Achebe in his book, Things Fall Apart, and William Shakespeare in his playwright, Othello, progress the tragic hero cycle of Okonkwo and Othello. In the beginningRead MoreOthello: The Tragedy of an Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a powerful example of a tragedy and it’s main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Othello1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on a tragic hero who possesses a flaw which ultimately leads to their downfall. In fact, Aristotle prescribes the three most important points to any tragedy to be hamartia, a tragic flaw in the tragic hero’s character that brings about his downfall, catharsis, a purgation of the a udience’s emotions and anagnorisis, the character’s revelation of some fact not previously realized. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, Othello is an excellent example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. He was a character

How Successful Was The Lesson - 1196 Words

In general, how successful was the lesson? Did the students learn what you intended for them to learn? How do you know? In general, I feel that this lesson was generally successful. The students, for the most part were engaged and thinking about the North East region. During the previous lesson, we discussed that the regions were divided by climate, culture, geography and economy and the students were able to apply those concepts to the lesson. Because they are familiar with this region, because it is our home region, they were able to compare and analyze aspects of this region to the other regions. They determined the climate, culture, economy and geography of this region by activating prior knowledge and sharing what they knew about the†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the lesson, I felt that the classroom procedures were a little hectic. After lunch, it takes the class a few minutes to settle down. The students use the restroom and get a drink and then they have about 10 minutes of silent reading to settle down. Once the packets were handed out and the students had a crayon and pen cil ready to go, the class felt a lot more settled. For the most part, the students were behaved and engaged in the lesson. Most of the students were actively participating in the lesson and discussing the North East region. A few students, at times, were calling out and a little chatty. I have a very nice class but, at times, they can be very talkative. In addition, there were a few students that were either, not sitting properly or were distracted and in need of redirection. At the end of the lesson, I reminded the students that I was looking for students that were waiting nice and quietly to come up to the board to drag and group the states. The engagement and participation by the class lead the students to successful learn about the North East region. I felt that once the class was settled, the students were thinking about the region and willing to share their ideas. 4. Did you depart from your plan? If so, how, and why? During the lesson, I did depart from my plan. Initially, I planned on having the students think of ways to remember what the states look like. For example, the students could remember,Show MoreRelatedDescribe The Math Concept Taught1248 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept taught. The math concept that this lesson taught the students was geometry. The lesson featured a variety of shapes, including both 2D and 3D. For the majority of the students, the lesson even introduced right angles. b. What teaching strategies does the teacher use and how do those strategies change as they progress through the lesson? During this lesson, the teacher used a variety of strategies. First she started the lesson out as a whole group lesson and reviewed the concept of differentRead MoreTeaching Is More Than Simple Worksheets And Powerpoint1581 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching is like a draft, each time you teach you can improve your teaching. This saying my sound silly, but walk into a classroom and teach a lesson and this saying will become very relevant. Many people overestimate how easy teaching can be. Teaching is more than simple worksheets and powerpoint that provide the information. Students have variety of needs and have a variety of learning styles and as teachers we need to make accommodations for each child. There are around twenty-four students andRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education976 Words   |  4 PagesMy philosophy of education is for every student to reach his or her full potential. This is by inspiring all students and helping them realize how much they can achieve. I believe every student can become a great person with the right motivation and support by parents, friends and a teacher. Teaching is inspiring students and learning is obtaining knowledge. The definition of teaching, to me, is to inspire students and be a positive role model. My personal definition of learning is obtaining knowledgeRead MoreThe Following Seven Key Lessons Are To Help Any Beginner1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe following seven key lessons are to help any beginner entrepreneur strive for success with a little more ease than as if they were to tackle it without any guidance. This book will focus on seven key lessons to becoming a successful entrepreneur as well as examples of entrepreneurs that have become successful either following these methods or creating their own pathway through the battle of entrepreneurship. To become and entrepreneur there are the lessons, the theories, the playbook that existsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1683 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents’ needs. For example, if the teacher is collecting data on a multiplication before teaching the lesson. The teaching would give the pre-test to the students. From the pre-test the teacher could modify the instruction to help each student learn. The teacher could understand from the test what each student struggles with. The teacher is able to group the students by differentiate the lesson. There may be students that need to use hands-on (manipulative), visual aid, or have a good memory. WithRead MoreChapter One Summary Essay598 Words   |  3 Pages90 percent of recent immigrants coming from non-English speaking countries.† This is one of the reasons that non-English speaking students are less successful. Both the federal and state government requires all students achieve the same standard under the No Child Left Behind Act. Students who are English speakers are required to be both successful in school and productive members of society with better educational opportunities. This led to the development of sheltered instruction. ShelteredRead MoreTeaching As Inquiry Model, Form The New Zealand Curriculum Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is most important based on past teaching experiences in terms of what and how to teach. The inquiry process involves teachers critically reflecting their practice through a focusing inquiry, teaching inquiry and learning inquiry (Ministry of Education 2008). In terms of the focusing inquiry my learning intention was: We will be identifying and describing organs are involved in the human digestion process and how human digestion occurs. I formed this intention through taking into account myRead MoreThe Movie 3 Idiots1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthe movie because it has a different language. But as the scene pass by I became interested in watching because the first few scenes were funny. Then the movie caught my attention and I started to focus on watching. The movie â€Å"3 idiots† has many lessons in it about hope, friendship, studies, family, and the goodness of life. It has a great message to the audience. The movie tells the viewers to think positive always, its famous dialogue is ‘all is well’. It means that one should not fear their problemsRead MoreSample Resume : Administering The Pre Test And Post Test1616 Words   |  7 Pages Assessment for IPPRs Sherry Vaughn Educ 530 Liberty University July 5, 2016 Describe your experience in administering the pre-test and post-test to the student(s) during both IPPR lessons. My experiences with administering the pre-test and post-test were very different in each Lesson. During pre-test one, I had assumed that all of the students could pass a simple fractions quiz, but I assumed incorrectly. Many of the students did not pass the quiz, and I had to go back and readjustRead MoreWhy Failure Is a Better Teacher Than Success919 Words   |  4 PagesAt some point in life everyone has experienced success, but how often do you succeed on your first attempt? It is everyone’s dream to be successful, but this success is very rarely given to anyone, everyone has hurdles to get over and their own set of trials and tribulations. What is really important in life are the lessons learned from these events, teaching you more about yourself and the task in which you are attempting to be successful in, and there is no better teacher than failure. Like everyone

Benefits of Going Holidays Free Essays

What is the psychological benefit of going on holiday? For most of us life involves the constant routine of work, whether at home with the family or within a business. Household duties, shopping, cooking, and looking after our families, watching television and whatever other hobbies or activities we engage in keep our minds active and occupied day in day out. If we interpret our situation to be stressful, forced, without choice or robotic then the constant engagement in life can wear us down and leave us feeling less than enthusiastic. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Going Holidays or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we feel unhappy about our situation and yet do not see a way to change it to what we would rather have, life can become a chore rather than exhilarating and exciting. It’s not always easy to change a job we do not enjoy or feel suitably challenging. It’s not always appropriate, financially or emotionally realistic to leave difficult relationships or stressful family situations, therefore we endure our current lifestyles, regardless. Read more in Holidays  « Four Leaf Clover Brings Luck? Guest Country and Republic Day  » How can we get away from an unchanging routine? In the same way you would take a break from over-involvement in a demanding task to clear your mind and gain new perspective before returning to recreate new ideas, you can take a holiday in order to refresh your mind from the prolonged identity with sameness, stress, fatigue or monotony. Obviously our lives do not have to be troubled or stressful to appreciate a holiday but no matter what we engage in daily, there is routine of some sort, therefore a change of scenery and new exciting stimulation for our minds is advisable in order to remind ourselves there is more to life than the ongoing routine of our current situations. Some people experience a sense of freedom the moment they lock the front door to their house, and their holiday has begun. Everyday life is left behind. For others it’s being on the aeroplane, physically identifying with having left their country or even just their county behind. For others it’s a few days into their holiday when they can identify and appreciate several days off together, which they normally do not experience in working life. Whatever it is for you, when it hits home you are free to do exactly as you wish; eat when you like, relax and read a book or go for a walk, engage in water sports, soak up the scenery, admire the architecture, rekindle romance, have fun with the children – you can completely relax and give your entire mind and body a well deserved holiday. Engaging in the freedom of not having to worry about time or deadlines or even family demands is extremely beneficial to our well-being. Life without tasks can be boring and uneventful but in order to appreciate what we have and identify with our own self worth and admiration of all that we do in life – it is advisable to take time out and experience the opposite as we enjoy complete relaxation without any demands. Choose a holiday in line with your idea of relaxation, which for an individual could be anything from a camping holiday to relaxing on a cruise ship or sightseeing in Barcelona. There is no point going on holiday to do more of what you do not want to do. Our minds need a break from ongoing concentration just as much as our bodies do if they are working continuously on an arduous task. Have a change of scenery and enjoy the contrast between complete choice in the moment and the scheduled routine of home and work life. How to cite Benefits of Going Holidays, Papers

Charlotte ONeils song by Fiona Farrell Essay Example For Students

Charlotte ONeils song by Fiona Farrell Essay The main difference between these two poems is the fact that now charlotte is free to do what she pleases, she is no longer under a influence, where as the old woman is still stuck in the same routine the only hope for her is that the new person she latches onto will also give her his or her spare change. Charlotte has potential but the old woman doesnt. Charlotte ONeils Song is in first person so we understand her thoughts and feelings, we see her personal view on the situation and the world around her, we also see how this reflects her character. Her bitterness and anger really start to show when she says her masters speech, Thats the way it should be, you said. Thats the poor girls lot. Charlotte is adding her own feelings to his speech, showing how angry she is, this is highlighted by the way You said stands on its own. However An Old Woman is in third person so we dont really know what she is feeling or thinking. All her feelings are being imposed by the tourist. The only time we really understand her is when she speaks. What else can an old woman do on hills as wretched as these? I believe here the old woman is changing her tactics, she has tried being clingy but know shes going to play the sympathy card. I believe these two lines of speech show us that she is determined and always gets her way. The style of language in charlotte ONeils Song is very simplistic and easy to understand. You dined at eight And slept till late Maybe this reflects how simple her life was, she did the same thing day in day out, it could also mirror how simple her knowledge and education is. In the poem charlotte reels off a lot of statements which could mean she is sure about what she is doing. There are no questions, she is so sure about her life that she has no need to stop and question anyone, anything, or any decision. However the style of language in An old woman is very complicated and hard to understand. The cracks that begin around her eyes spread beyond her skin I believe this suggests how difficult the old womans life is, nothing is easy for her, she never knows what to expect or what the day will hold for her. I think it shows this by suggesting how the world cracks around her forming a sort of maze which reflects her life, and her purpose in life in trying to get to the end of the maze which will stop the suffering she is going through. In Charlotte ONeils Song the freedom of verses reflects the freedom of her life. There is no set verse length or rhyme structure the is showing that she cannot be contained within verses or her old job, she makes the rules and she can make her life, and the verses, go in any direction she wants. At he end of the poem there is a one line stanza, a throw away comment, again suggesting she makes the rule within her life and the poem. Unlike Charlotte ONeils song In An Old Woman all the verses are regular and have the same structure, this reflects the Old Womans life. She has been contained within the verses like she has been contained within begging, because she has no way out. She views her life in short episodes shown by the shortness of the verses. Charlotte ONeil has a lot of prospects in her new life, even though she may not be very well educated she is young and will probably get a job easily. .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .postImageUrl , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:hover , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:visited , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:active { border:0!important; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:active , .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9 .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud66af7ca552771372165b3612d52f9d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis-Childhood EssayHer status is low as she is only a servant. The poor deserve the gate However in New Zealand, which is where shes going, nobody knows who she is or what she previously did. She will be as equal as every other person. The Old Woman, however has no prospects, she will be stuck begging for the rest of the life, which isnt long. I think even though she isnt happy with her situation, she has accepted it because she had to, she had no choice. What else can an old woman do on hills as wretched as these? This quote shows that she has accepted her life; she is saying that there is nothing else for a woman of her age to do. In India the elderly are very highly respected, and when a person grows old his or her family is expect to look after them as the government doesnt help. Has the Old Woman no family? Or have they disowned her? In India the class system is very strict, you cannot move a class, if you are born into a class you cannot leave it, and you most certainly cannot marry into a higher class than the one you are in. As the Old woman is in one of the bottom classes she will most likely not be able to get a job, so she is well and truly stuck in her current situation, unless, if she has one, her family take her back in. In Charlotte ONeils Song there are no strong images as there is not much description. Instead Farrell uses antithesis between the life of the employer and the servant. You lay on a silken pillow. I lay on a attic cot This shows how different their lifes are. Farrell also uses persuasive device of list, which are usually in threes. Ive cleaned your plate And Ive cleaned your house And Ive cleaned the clothes you wore Farrell makes the pattern even clearer by using and repeating the verb cleaned. Even though this is an effective method I do not believe it is as good as descriptive words, metaphors and similes. Where as in An Old Woman there is lots of strong imagery. Clear through the bullet holes she has for eyes. I think this is the strongest description in the poem. It gives a brilliant image of the Old Womans eyes, I imagine no eyes at all and just sockets which the sky can be seen through. The bullet holes relate to war and suffering which can be linked back to begging, which is a type of suffering. These two poems are very different in everyway, the language, structure and the message they give off. An old woman gives off a strong image about suffering, and as that is still relevant today we can relate to it. But in Charlotte ONeils song there is not a clear message that is put across; you could say that it is linked to slavery as domestic service could be perceived as a very weak form of slavery. In my opinion An old woman by Arun Kolator is a much better poem as it contains much stronger images than Charlotte ONeils song.

5 Things to Say to Your Boss if You Want to be Successful

5 Things to Say to Your Boss if You Want to be Successful Are you super professional and a little bit frightened of screwing up in front of your boss? That’s totally natural. But being meek and respectful and never challenging your employer can sometimes  backfire. Some bosses prefer input and feedback from their employees. Make sure you’re giving it! Here are 5 things you should start incorporating into your interactions with your boss to form a more constructive relationship for the two of you.1. â€Å"You’re wrong†While you would never say this in a snide way, it is always important to be honest. If you can practice saying this with enough respect, you might just be able to prove your smarts and talents to your boss when she misses something and you see how you might save the day. If you just let her make an error, that’s on you. Be confident enough to point out what you see. That’s why you were hired! (Not to be a robot.)2. â€Å"No†Nobody wants a doormat. If something is a bad idea or you know you can’t deliver a project under the parameters set, then it is preferable to say â€Å"no† early rather than fail needlessly. Some bosses really like this, provided it clearly comes from a place of respect. Similarly, if you’re asked to do lots of things outside of office hours and you can’t keep it up, stand up for your work-life balance!As long as you’re doing your job and doing it well, setting boundaries for yourself is always a good idea. You’ll gain more respect that way than not.3. â€Å"I’m fixing it†So you screwed up. Nobody likes to greet their boss with that bad news. But a good boss would rather be alerted to problem early on- particularly if you can say, in that same breath, that you’re already on top of it and there should be very little fallout. It shows you’re trustworthy and good at coming up with solutions, even under fire: all great boss-impressing traits!4. â€Å"My mistake†On e of the hardest things to do is admit you’ve made an error- and not to make a million excuses immediately to let yourself off the hook. But if you can go to your boss, explain what you’ve done, and cop to it’s being a mistake? This shows your character and can actually lead you to a valuable learning experience. You may even expose a gap in the training for your position. Plus, you’re likely to not make the same mistake again.5. â€Å"I have an idea†In some ways, this is a magic phrase. Most CEOs are starving for good ideas. If you have one, speak up! Don’t be shy. Especially if your idea would save the company money, time, or other resources and streamline things. Be part of the progress!It might be scary to approach your boss and go off the script you learned at your first internship, but showing up this way as a grown-up and self-possessed employee can have major gains over the course of your big-kid career.

Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters

in the letters, though, are so sincere and moving in most cases that it seems very unlikely that, in fact, a male did write this heart-felt letter. Their only hope is that the war they are involved in will be finished soon and they can be back in the loving arms of their families. The also write of the desolate loneliness that seems to consume their life day after day. As if these feelings of pai... Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Reaction to War Letters† I am really glad that I was introduced to this book called War Letters. The book really gives focus on the emotional side of males. It has been long known that men, on many occasions, have trouble expressing their feeling, and ultimately what they want. In this extraordinary work, the accounts and recollections of the soldiers really give the reader a sense of how wartime was at that time. For example, a description of a Civil War battle is very different from a Korean War battle, and it is fairly able to recognize because of the unique wording of the soldiers. Overall this book really gives insight to the different male emotions and gives the reader an idea of the price that ordinary men pay to make us enjoy the freedom that we have today. The men who bring us the riveting tales of war are no different from any ordinary citizen today. These men were bound by their willingness for freedom in the stage of battle and would let nothing stop them to achieve this freedom. The men are fathers, brothers, and sons who are off fighting for their families and fighting for the freedom that their family currently has. Aside from some legendary figures such as, Clara Barton, Teddy Roosevelt, and Douglas MacArthur, theses letters are primarily common soldiers or marines. Most of the men writing are scared and homesick, with only these letters to keep their spirits high. They write of the hardships of battle in very descriptive wording. They write of their love for their wife and children, or girlfriend. The words in the letters, though, are so sincere and moving in most cases that it seems very unlikely that, in fact, a male did write this heart-felt letter. Their only hope is that the war they are involved in will be finishe d soon and they can be back in the loving arms of their families. The also write of the desolate loneliness that seems to consume their life day after day. As if these feelings of pai...

Healthcare Finace Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Finace Review - Article Example This makes it difficult for them to see a doctor as it is estimated that they may only see a doctor once in a year when they are critically ill. This in turn increases the cost of treatment to more than what it could have been had the person sought medical attention at an early stage. (Rannan p62) A paradox of medical cost is that people who can least afford- the uninsured- end up being charged most (Tumulty and San Antonio, 2009). The author of this article was referring to a case where a certain individual had bought a short term health insurance cover and later was diagnosed with renal failure. The insurance company could not settle his bills due to the nature of his illness. He lost his job as he could not continue to work with his condition. Everything he had was getting lost until he had of a certain company that could offer him treatment at low cost in installments. This person could only get federal help once his renal failure was in end stage level. Struggling not to reach end stage failure was not easy but with the unfolding uncertainties and the hope of getting help while nearing his death had made him focus on that as the only chance of survival. This raises the question on whether the government priorities on health are upright. Should healthcare finance focus on when a condition reaches irreversible status to intervene? A fresh look at what has worked before in capacity building, and how agency practices can be improved, to avoid the lip service to capacity building that has unfortunately characterized past activities Although health care is a human a universal right, its provision is at the mercy of policy makers who in most case will be politicians, yet the matter requires more than political will. Identifying ways of approach that will help even the poorest in the society achieve basic health care without the overstretching their earning remains a challenge that cannot be

The life of a nuer cow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The life of a nuer cow - Essay Example They began an especially active migration about the mid 1800s. As they moved gradually east, they pushed the Anuak farther east into Ethiopia. During this period many Dinka people were incorporated into the Nuer community. Atuot and Nuer traditions indicate origins with the Dinka in what is now known as Western Nuerland. These traditions say the separation of the three occurred due to a dispute over cattle ownership.Like many of his pastoral neighbors, a Nuer man's dearest possession is his cattle. Life depends on cattle and a Nuer will risk his life to defend them or to raid his neighbor's cattle. The Nuer worldview is built around the herds and prestige is measured by the quantity and quality of the cattle a man owns. Men and women take the names of their favourite oxen or cows and prefer to be greeted by their cattle names. While they do engage in agricultural pursuits, the care of cattle is the only labour they enjoy. It is said that conversation on virtually any subject will ine vitably involve a discussion of cattle.The Nuer, a tall and very dark people, and are related to the Dinka, who live to their west, and their culture is very similar. The Nuer, call themselves Naath, meaning "human beings." The Nuer, Dinka and Atwot (Atuot) are sometimes considered one ethnic group.Their culture is organized around cattle. But since the Nuer people live in the Upper Nile valley, Nile perch is also an essential part of their economy. Grains and vegetables supplement this diet. None of the food commodities are produced for market purposes. Cattle are not primarily for food, but Nuer drink their milk. Meat is eaten at important celebrations when an animal is sacrificed. The Nuer living pattern changes according to the seasons of the year. As the rivers flood, the people have to move farther back from the river onto higher ground, where the women cultivate millet and maize while the men herd the cattle nearby. In the dry season, the younger men take the cattle herds closer to the receding rivers. Cooperative extended family groups live around communal cattle camps. Cattle play an important part in Nuer religion and ritual. Cows are dedicated to the ghosts of the owner's lineages and any personal spirits that may have possessed them at any time. The Nuer believe they establish contact with these ancestor ghosts and spirits by rubbing ashes along the backs of oxen or cows dedicated to them, through the sacrifice of cattle. No important Nuer ceremony of any kind is complete without such a sacrifice. NUER COW - 1930's It was the Dry season of 1931 and I had recently been purchased by a young, tall man from a small tribe in Southern Sudan. He purchased me as a wedding gift for his new wife, who was later revealed to be the one who was my primary milker. When I was taken back to their tribal area, I was in complete surprise at how many other cattle there were surrounding me. I had never seen anything like it, as I had been bought up in a relatively poor community. The fact that there were many other cattle neighbouring me gave me the impression that the tribe I had now been apart of, must have been fairly rich. I couldn't help but wonder why I was chosen out of all the other cattle, to be taken back to this place. I thought that it might've been because I was relatively plump and fat, and this worried me. My owner would occasionally rub ash across my back and speak of ceremonial chants, in a very loud and daunting matter. It

Mobile Banking Technology and Innovation Management Essay

Mobile Banking Technology and Innovation Management - Essay Example Management has to face several challenges in the overall process of introducing the innovation in the market (Barton and Kraus, 1985). MOBILE BANKING TECHNOLOGY: There has been ongoing process of introduction of new technologies in the market every other day. However, all new technologies are not able to succeed and capture the considerable amount of market share. This requires proper and well thought planning and management. It should be ensured that the new technology which is introduced in the market is according to the needs and requirements of the customers (Souder and Sherman, 1994). Apart from this, the new technology should be user friendly and easy to use. All these factors increase the acceptance of the innovative technology. Mobile banking is one such technology, which have been introduced in order to provide customers with ease and comfort in the process of banking. In the start of banking facility, customers have to be physically present at the bank in order to make any kind of transaction. This requirement of physical presence gradually disappeared with the advent of different new technologies and facilities with passage of time. ... Mobile banking allows the customers to perform important transactions through their mobile phones and there is hardly any need of going to banks or being physically present there for the purpose of making transactions (Stair and Reynolds, 2009). There are several benefits of the mobile banking, not only for customers but also for the bank which is providing this facility. This facility of mobile banking can facilitates banks in reducing the charges associated with transactions, as low level of cost is associated with mobile banking. Along with this, the facility of mobile banking is easy and convenient for the consumers as it enables them to quickly access their bank account at any place and at any time (Krugel, 2007). INNOVATION AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT: The process of implementation of any change or innovation is always associated with several challenges and issue. These challenges and issues should be managed in an effective and efficient manner in order to ensure the successful impl ementation of the innovation. The process of innovation management is a complete change management process. Management has to conduct force field analysis in order to identify important restricting and supporting forces. Next step is to come up with effective strategies and tactics in order to minimize the restricting forces and maximizing the supporting forces (Tidd, 2001). The restricting forces can be both external and internal. Innovation or new technology not only faces resistance on part of the customers but sometime employees are also responsible for the failure of any new technology or innovation. It is important for the management to keep in consideration

If global warming is a man-made disaster why have governments around the world failed to do very much about it?

If global warming is a man-made disaster why have governments around the world failed to do very much about it? One of the most important phenomena affecting nations in the 21st century is global warming. Global warming is defined generally as the progressive rise in average global temperatures caused by increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and is often referred to as the effect on the climate of human activities[1]. Though there have always been natural cycles of changing climate, global warming is considered to be man-made due to increased burning of fossil fuels and large-scale deforestation, which have led to a large increment in carbon dioxide emissions, coinciding with steadily rising temperatures[2]. Although efforts have been made to reduce the effects of global warming, governments around the world have failed to effectively tackle the issue. There are several reasons for this failure, including the problem of governing the commons, effects on the economy, as well as the difficulty in achieving global cooperation over the issue. This essay aims to discuss and analyse the main reas ons why governments have failed to successfully reduce global warming. One of the most fundamental reasons why very little has been achieved by governments in the effort to combat global warming lies with the difficulty of governing the commons. When a resource is not under jurisdiction of a single sovereign state, it is considered to be part of the commons, implying unrestricted access to anyone[3]. This means that no individual state has reason to preserve the resource, but rather to take as much of it for themselves as possible, usually leading to over exploitation[4]. The other issue with the commons is that they are often used as sinks for degraded waste products[5]. It is generally possible to solve this issue by allocating the commons into private ownership, thus creating incentives to preserve and manage them. However, this solution is not viable for the atmosphere because it is impossible to enclose, thus difficult to divide between states. As with any other resource that lacks ownership, the atmosphere becomes subject to the tragedy of the co mmons, but without the simple solution of private ownership. Therefore, it is difficult to negotiate an agreement over emission limits because states gain higher individual benefit than individual costs from increasing production, as the total cost of pollution is shared[6]. However, with the spread of globalisation, it is feasible that an increased awareness of a shared global space can increase states self-interest in protecting the environment. However, globalisation can in some ways be considered to be a reason for the limited success in curbing global warming. The relationship between the process of globalisation and the problem of environmental degradation is fairly complex, as though globalisation may raise the importance of protecting the commons, it may actually heighten the problem. Globalisation has lead to the spread of industry around the world, resulting in rising levels of production and consumption, which in turn leads to increased emissions[7]. The demand for open borders and free trade makes it more difficult for governments to enforce environmental regulations as firms are more able to evade them by moving to areas in which regulations do not exist or are lower[8]. The more difficult or complicated the regulation process is, the more unlikely governments are to succeed in lowering emissions. This has led to the argument that international trade is incompatible with environmental protection, as increased trad e and globalisation lead to further industrialisation, production and consumption, thus increasing global emissions, limiting governments ability to stop global warming. Governments may also have failed in successfully accounting for externalities of pollution (environmental and social damage) as pollution taxes and regulations have not been at a socially efficient level, thus leading to inefficiently high emissions[9]. However, many people argue that globalisation actually increases the efficiency of production, as long as markets take into account these externalities[10]. The spread of wealth and knowledge to new regions brought about by globalisation can also be argued to improve local environments due the facilitation of global awareness. Therefore, possibly a more viable explanation for the failure of governments in regulating global warming emerges from the potential economic costs of reducing production and consumption. It may not be in the national interests of states to reduce emissions, as this would involve limiting production by regulating emissions. Furthermore, reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases would involve regulation of energy, transport, agriculture, and industry, which are fundamental to modern economies[11]. Therefore, governments are reluctant to ban greenhouse gas emissions or to call for severe cuts as this could potentially have devastating effects on their economies, thus lowering living standards. Moreover, the cost of developing new technology and renewable energies to replace current production methods is vast, even though there are potential economic benefits from investing in alternative energy technologies[12]. Governments may therefore forego sustainability at the expense of economi c growth. However, probably the most important reason why governments have not succeeded in significantly reducing global warming is the difficulty in achieving global cooperation on the issue. Although the tragedy of the commons, globalisation and economic effects play a large role in the past failure in the reduction of global warming, most of these problems ultimately stem down to the lack of cooperation between states in dealing with the issue. Global warming is an issue that transcends national boundaries, involves irreversible damage to the environment, and affects all states, thus requiring international cooperation[13]. Many attempts have been made at reaching cooperation in the past, through numerous summits and meetings, and the creation of treaties and global institutions, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Environment Program[14]. These attempts have had limited success in bringing the issue of global warming onto the global agenda. For example, the issue of governi ng global commons has been approached by creating a framework of mutually acceptable standards of behaviour, and the issue of economic costs for states has been tackled by setting global emission targets (Kyoto Protocol for example). However, regardless of these attempts, it has been impossible to forge global cooperation for several reasons. Firstly, international environmental meetings often serve many other political objectives, thus making it less likely that states will reach an understanding[15]. In conjunction, states may have conflicting national interests over political issues, the economy, trade policies, as well as the environment, making it difficult to forge a deal that adheres to each states needs. In addition, since international cooperation involves transboundary regulation, some have made claims that environmental action and new forms of global governance may be a threat to state sovereignty, thus further complicating cooperation[16]. Furthermore, it is important to consider the role of hegemons, especially the United States, in forging international cooperation. In recent years, the US has rejected many global efforts in environmental policymaking, withdrawing from the Kyoto Protocol, challenging the need for new treaties and questioning the precautionary principle in environmental protection[17]. If the US fails to act on global warming by accepting emission limits or by taking environmental leadership, other nations will find it difficult to do so while still remaining economically competitive. Therefore, there are many reasons explaining why governments have failed to do so little about global warming, largely arising from the difficulty in global environmental cooperation. In my opinion, although governments around the world have failed to fully prevent the negative effects of global warming, there have been many achievements that have brought the world closer to successfully understanding how to do so. In many cases, environmental problems can be managed through cooperation in global institutions and treaties[18]. Despite USAs failure to ratify Kyoto, there is significant proof that emissions targets do work in slowing down global warming[19]. Furthermore, solutions such as tradable permits and carbon taxes have gone a long way in finding a market based solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions[20]. International action could be further encouraged by the acknowledgement of global warming as a national security risk, as environmental degradation leads to both internal and external conflicts by potentially deepening poverty cycles and leading to mass migration away from degraded areas[21]. By accentuating the security risks associated with gl obal warming, governments may be more inclined to act, as security issues are crucial to governing a state. Even though global warming is acknowledged as a man-made disaster, governments have failed to fully stop its effects. This can be attributed to the difficulty in governing the global commons, the spread of globalisation and the potential effects on the economy of cutting emissions, as well as the difficulty in reaching global cooperation in environmental policy. Governments still face the task of finding a socially optimal level of regulation, the difficulty of ensuring emission standards are met once a treaty has been signed[22], as well as managing the connections between climate change, security, and globalisation. However, if powerful nations take the lead in promoting environmental norms, and if states adopt a precautionary principle on global warming, international cooperation can potentially succeed in providing governance regimes for important global commons. Word count: 1500 Bibliography: Baylis, J. Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 4th Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Steans, J. and Pettiford, L. (2005), International Relations: Perspectives and Themes, 2nd Edition, (Harlow: Pearson Education). Krugman, P. Wells, R. Graddy, K. (2008), Economics; European Edition, (Worth Publishers). Cline, W. (1992), The Economics of Global Warming, (Institute for International Economics). Victor, D. (2001), The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to slow Global Warming, (Princeton University Press). Nordhaus, W. Boyer, J. (2000) Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Hardin, G. (1998), Extensions of the Tragedy of the Commons, Science; New Series, 5634(280): 682-683 Barnett, J. (2003), Security and Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, 13(1): 7-17 Falkner, R. (2005), American Hegemony and the Global Environment, International Studies Review, 7(4): 585-599 Hersch, J. Viscusi, K. (2006), Allocating Responsibility for Failure of Global Warming Policies, Responses to Global Warming: The Law, Economics, and Science of Climate Change, 155(20): 1657-1694 Barrett, S. (1990), The Problem of Global Environmental Protection, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 6(1): 68-79 Robert, K. Basile, G. Kuehr, R. (2002) Strategic Sustainable Development Selection, Design and Synergies of Applied Tools, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10(3): 197-214 Houghton, J. (2005) Global Warming, Reports on the Progress of Physics, 68(1): 1343-1403 Flohn, H. (1980), Possible Climatic Consequences of a Man-made Global Warming United Nations Environment Programme, at: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Publications/Documents/RR-80-030.pdf [1] Houghton, J. (2005) Global Warming, Reports on the Progress of Physics, 68(1) p.1343 [2] Flohn, H. (1980), Possible Climatic Consequences of a Man-made Global Warming United Nations Environment Programme, at: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Publications/Documents/RR-80-030.pdf, (Date Accessed: 20/02/2010) [3] Hardin, G. (1998), Extensions of the Tragedy of the Commons, Science; New Series, 5634(280) p. 682 [4] Barrett, S. (1990), The Problem of Global Environmental Protection, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 6(1) p.68 [5] Baylis, J. Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 4th Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p.358 [6] Hardin, G. (1998), Extensions of the Tragedy of the Commons, Science; New Series, 5634(280) p. 683 [7] Baylis, J. Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 4th Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p.352 [8] Nordhaus, W. Boyer, J. (2000) Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) p.3 [9] Hersch, J. Viscusi, K. (2006), Allocating Responsibility for Failure of Global Warming Policies, Responses to Global Warming: The Law, Economics, and Science of Climate Change, 155(20) p.1659 [10] Krugman, P. Wells, R. Graddy, K. (2008), Economics; European Edition, (Worth Publishers) p.483 [11] Baylis, J. Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 4th Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p.362 [12] Robert, K. Basile, G. Kuehr, R. (2002) Strategic Sustainable Development Selection, Design and Synergies of Applied Tools, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10(3) p.202 [13] Cline, W. (1992), The Economics of Global Warming, (Institute for International Economics) p.9 [14] Baylis, J. Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 4th Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p.356 [15] Houghton, J. (2005) Global Warming, Reports on the Progress of Physics, 68(1) p.1391 [16] Steans, J. and Pettiford, L. (2005), International Relations: Perspectives and Themes, 2nd Edition, (Harlow: Pearson Education) p.214 [17] Falkner, R. (2005), American Hegemony and the Global Environment, International Studies Review, 7(4) p.585 [18] Steans, J. and Pettiford, L. (2005), International Relations: Perspectives and Themes, 2nd Edition, (Harlow: Pearson Education) p.206 [19] Hersch, J. Viscusi, K. (2006), Allocating Responsibility for Failure of Global Warming Policies, Responses to Global Warming: The Law, Economics, and Science of Climate Change, 155(20) p.1662 [20] Krugman, P. Wells, R. Graddy, K. (2008), Economics; European Edition, (Worth Publishers) p.481 [21] Barnett, J. (2003), Security and Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, 13(1) p.10 [22] Victor, D. (2001), The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to slow Global Warming, (Princeton University Press) p.55

Air Pollution in Mexico City Essay examples -- Environment Polluted Es

Air Pollution in Mexico City Mexico City adds an estimated one million new residents each year, resulting in one million new aggravates to the city’s already abominable air quality (Collins, 119). Over the span of a generation, Mexico City’s air has gone from being one of the world’s cleanest to one of the world’s most polluted, as well as the most polluted in its country. The average visibility in the city is down from almost 100 km in the 1940s to only 1.5 km today, removing the once beautiful landscape of the surrounding snow-capped volcanoes (Yip, 1). More significantly, however, Mexico City’s air problems have resulted in a notable decrease in the health of its residents, particularly its children. There are a variety of reasons for the decline in air quality, including factory emissions, suspended particles, vehicles, as well as problematic geographic hindrances. Fortunately, Mexico City is doing a lot in response to the problem, including vehicle control, mas s transit improvements, required industry emission reductions, and an investing in research and education programs. Regardless of these actions, however, Mexico City’s air is still significantly affecting the quality of life for its residents, and the city must continue to make changes in order for real progress to occur. Vehicles are responsible for up to eighty percent of air pollution in Mexico. There are close to four million automobiles, buses, and trucks in the city, the average of which is ten years old, and thus in poor repair with ineffective emission controls. Emissions are increased by the excessive traffic compressed into narrow streets with few parking spaces, requiring low-speed cruising (Collins, 125). Even new engines oft... ...ificant goals set for measured air quality improvements, so while their future is not yet clear, it is at least a little less smoggy. Works Cited Collins, Charles, and Steven Scott. "Air Pollution in the Valley of Mexico." Geographical Review 83 (1993): 119-133. Hibler, Michelle. "Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City." International Development Research Center. 12 Aug. 2003. . Loomis, Dana, Margarita Castillejos, Diane Gold, William McDonnell, and Victor Borja-Aburto. "Air Pollution in the Valley of Mexico." Epidemiology 10 (1999): 118-123. "Mexico City Air Hurting Children." Health and Energy. 11 Mar. 1998. . Yip, Maricela, and Pierre Maldl. "Air Pollution in Mexico City." 14 Dec. 2002. University of Salzburg, Austria. .

Case study: Issues in alignment of organizational strategies

Case study: Issues in alignment of organizational strategies and HER strategies Table of Contents Introduction Questions and answers Page# 3 A Shaky bridge (An uncertain plan) 4 Conclusions References 5 6 The advent of globalization has diversified the work force and increased its cultural differences in many companies across the globe. Publication of information on these trends has led to calls for effective management of diversity in organizations, and observers have advised that unless corporation start managing diversity, they will find themselves at a competitive disadvantage (Copeland 1988; Nelson 1988; Schmidt, 1988).Moreover, invoking what might be termed the â€Å"Value-in- diversity hypothesis,† some writers have stated that, when properly used, cultural diversity in the work forces bring value to the organization and ultimately improves their performance. They have emphasized that managing diversity is an economic issue as well as legal & social concern. (Copeland, 1988; Cox& Blake, 1991; Est., 1988; Soda & Bailer, 1983) The case is about SAA pharmacy Limited, a Malaysian company started by Mr.. Uruguayan an Indo-Malaysian in 1991.The SAA Pharmacy limited worked on the alliance and merchandise with Stop and shop which is an existing apartment store in various cities in Malaysia in the earlier days. Mr.. Uruguayan strategically recruited HER from Australia, New Zealand, India, Philippines and Malaysia based on cost of employees and skills available. Employees from Australia and New Zealand are at strategic positions, Indians in second level of hierarchy, Philippines are appointed as pharmacist and branch managers, and finally Malaysian in equal positions of Philippines.The company provides salaries incentives etc. Based on hierarchy and national expatriate basis. Despite of modern HER techniques applied by the CEO, employees room different nationalities felt discriminated. So, a work force with diversified nationalities and a level of cultural differences resulting in issues is the case about. Questions and answers: 1) What is the misalignment among company strategies, HER strategies and cultural issues? A) Mr.. Uruguayan strategically employed people from various countries based on cost of employees and skills available from various countries.It is also mentioned in the case study that Mr.. Uruguayan adapts most modern techniques of Human resource management. When the employees feels like there is a discrimination on ultra and nationality, management should have the potential to bring out the best from the employees and end discrimination and be ethical. When the work is almost Company policy is to pay employees on their designation as mentioned in the case study, so according to the skill set and experience all the nationality employees should be given opportunity to take responsibility.This will also reduce the cost since employees from other nations can be replaced by local employees with same skill set and experience . 2) Can you identify any problem in sourcing the employees from different countries? A) The company provides salaries incentives etc. N hierarchy and national expatriate basis. This led to a feeling of discrimination among the employees from Malaysia and Philippines The employees of Malaysia, particularly pharmacists, feel that they r discriminated and paid less even though they do the same Job like the pharmacists from Philippines.On the other hand, Philippines have a strong feeling that they are also discriminated against Indian employees. They contribute the lions' share of profit to the company as pharmacists. While all the other employees believe that salaries are not based on the nationality of the employees, but based on the significance of duties. Mr.. Arranging despite of the modern HER techniques that he uses, couldn't have this problem solved. 3) What would be the possible measure to solve the problem of the company? A) The following measures can be taken to solve the pr oblem: Mr..Arranging should make the employees understand that all the departments and functions of the organization are equally important. SSP should hire more local employees with required skill sets in better designations. Care should be taken regarding employee motivation with some awards and rewards for the employees with best performances. Promotions and hikes should be considered with respect to the experience of the employees. Shaky bridge: Mr.. Arranging started the company in 1991 implies that he has very good experience in recruiting human resource.There is no need for him to cross any shaky bridges and can handle the alignment issue in the work force. Motivating the employees to be more focused on their Job is an option but the fact remains the same that cultural differences will exists. Moreover, increasing incentives, hikes in salaries etc will increase the cost for the company. Considering the ability of MR.. Arranging to recruit, SAA pharmacy can play a gamble with t he employees which might work in their favor to solve the issue. Case study mentions that the employees are concerned about the differences in their nationality and salaries of other employees.This is a clear indication that the employees are not completely focused. Every employee should work under common interest of the organization. Salary differences should not be a problem for the employees as they have to understand it increases the attractiveness of the company to recruit globally. So, from he given situation, the following questions arise: 1) Is SAA Pharmacy limited paying to international employees more when they can have local employees with same skill set for a lower expense? 2) Promotions, hikes etc. Used for next quarter? 3) Can SAA Pharmacy take an advantage of the differences in the work force?In the work force, Mr.. Arranging will have employees that are creating the issue and employees that get influences by such employees. Depending on the performance of the employe es Mr.. Arranging can lay off a few employees and increase the responsibilities of the other employees. This will make the employees more focused on their Jobs and stop poking their noses in other employees' affairs. Employees complaining that the company is not reaching their expectation, the company can turn the tables by increasing the expectations on the employees. As Mr..Arranging has good communication with the employees he can clearly mention this an opportunity to prove their skills and worth to get more benefits. If possible, company can mix and match the responsibilities of the employees and can conduct training programs to improve the skill set. Training programs for the employees to handle different responsibilities will not only improve the skill set of the employees but as he employees get to know the other employees Job, they will understand that lions and deer are equally important in a food chain. Applying this change can be a success or a failure depending on the s kill of Mr..Arranging and the level of commitment and efforts of the employees. Mr.. Arranging should lead them with an example by increasing his interaction with the employees and show that he is working as hard as all the other employees are. If the change is a success and the employees manage to reach the expectations then the company can give the promised benefits which can be compensated by other international employees as he company has local employees with the skill set and no longer need services of the international employees. If the change applied is a failure, at the very first alarm, Mr..Arranging should line up employees to balance the work force. In this case, it will be practically proven that the employees are not as worthy as they claim to be. Getting back the former employees will also increase the good will of the company. This is an unguarded change that can solve the issue and the company can choose not to take the risk. But crossing a shaking bridge is always u ncertain and its completely Mr.. Remonstrant's call since a person don't know what lies ahead of the bridge. Conclusion: In the workplace, and from a business perspective, having a diverse workforce is no longer a question.The world is interconnected and due to the huge advances in international travel and communication, people easily move and work across borders. Humans and the potential they possess drive an organization. The advantages of a diversified work force like Innovation, talent pools etc will be effective when issues like conflicts, disunity, bureaucracy etc are handle effectively. This can be assured by considering the following points: 1 . Recognize & welcome cultural differences 2. Adapt to new hires instead of enforcing the traditional corporate culture on them 3. Communicate and understand differences 4.Be attentive to verbal and nonverbal cues that might indicate or create tension 5. And customers gained or lost. We should always question and test the purpose of th ings and see if indeed the diversity policy or programmer is creating the results that is expected. Perhaps the diversity initiative is compromising the business performance. That doesn't mean to scrap diversity altogether but it might mean to go back to the drawing board and re-think the approach. References: Copeland, L. 1988. Valuing diversity: Making the most of cultural differences at the workplace.

9 Pieces of Celebrity Advice That Will Inspire You to Succeed in 2017

9 Pieces of Celebrity Advice That Will Inspire You to Succeed in 2017 Love them, hate them, or roll your eyes when you see them make news for ridiculous things, famous people have something in common: they’re good at what they do, or you probably wouldn’t know who they are. And while you probably shouldn’t, say, take medical advice from George Clooney or legal advice from Justin Timberlake, it’s worth seeing what kind of celebrity advice they have to offer. As we look to the new year with its blank slate, let’s also look at how some household names in business, Hollywood, and politics approach career, success, and life balance. On Finding Purpose and DirectionOne of the first things you should do in the new year is figure out what you  want your  goals to be. To do that, it’s important to figure out what motivates you, and what you really want to be doing with your professional life. A new year is a chance to take a look at what motivates you now, because that may not be the same thing that motivated you in the past. Take the opportunity to look at who you are now, and what forces are moving you forward.â€Å"Stop chasing the money and start chasing the passion. - Tony Hsieh, CEO of Zapposâ€Å"’May the Force be with you’ is charming but it’s not important. What’s important is that you become the Force- for yourself and perhaps for other people.† - Harrison Ford, actorOn Being Your Own Biggest AssetNot to get all sappy on you, but your best ally in this process is, well, you. Networks are important, but as you get ready to ramp up your career in the new year, make sure you’re putting enough value and emphasis on the skills, experience, and expertise that you already have. 2017 should be a year of moving forward with confidence, not stalling out due to self-doubt.â€Å"Don’t discount yourself, no matter what you’re doing. Everyone has a unique perspective that they can bring to the world. Just have faith in yourself and trust yo urself.† - Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of FacebookOn Achieving SuccessSuccess is not an instant result, no matter who you are or what you do. People who achieve that success have gotten there because they stuck it out, and threw everything they had at the process. CEOs, entertainers, thinkers†¦the version of â€Å"success† is different for each of them, but they have one thing in common: effort + time.â€Å"When I was 15, I left school to start a magazine, and it became a success because I wouldn’t take no for an answer.† - Richard Branson, CEO of the Virgin Groupâ€Å"There’s no such thing as overnight success. That’s my concern with a show like American Idol. It encourages the false belief that there’s a kind of magic, that you can be ‘discovered.’ That may be the way television works, but it’s not the way the world works. Rising to the top of any field requires an enormous amount of dedication, focus, drive, talen t, and 99 factors that they don’t show on television. It’s not simply about being picked. Which, by the way, is why very few of the anointed winners on American Idol have gone on to true success. Most have flamed out and gone away. That should tell us something.† - Malcolm Gladwell, authorâ€Å"Success is just a war of attrition. Sure, there’s an element of talent you should probably possess. But if you just stick around long enough, eventually something is going to happen.† - Dax Shepard, actorâ€Å"Do the work. Out-work. Out-think. Out-sell your expectations. There are no shortcuts.† - Mark Cuban, entrepreneurOn Why You Should Never Give UpIf you give up on your goals because you’re seeing too many challenges or it feels too hard, no one is going to run up to you, shouting, â€Å"come back! Just kidding, here’s what you want.† Once you figure out what you want to achieve and start devising your plan to get there, itâ₠¬â„¢s crucial to stick to that, whether things get tough or are taking longer than you thought they would. You’re tougher than you think you are, so don’t let setbacks deter you from those bigger goals.â€Å"I’m very glad my mother didn’t let me quit piano lessons at age 10. She said I wasn’t old enough or good enough to make that decision, and she was right. I remember at the time I was shocked. I did not like that my mother said those things to me. But when I got a chance to play with Yo-Yo Ma or more recently with Aretha Franklin, I thought, I’m really glad she said what she did.† - Condoleezza Rice, former Secretary of StateOn Seizing OpportunitiesIn 2017, be ready to size up and grab potential opportunities. Do research, talk to people in your network, and always keep an eye out for new jobs, new skill-building opportunities, anything that can help you along the way. If you’re not proactive, you’ll either miss poten tial opportunities entirely, or watch them slip right by you and turn into someone else’s chances.â€Å"People ask, ‘What’s the best role you’ve ever played?’ The next one.† - Kevin Kline, actorâ€Å"Put your head down and work hard. Never wait for things to happen make them happen for yourself through hard graft and not giving up.† - Gordon Ramsay, chef, entrepreneur, and TV personalityâ€Å"If I can’t make it through one door, I’ll go through another door- or I’ll make a door. Something terrific will come no matter how dark the present is.† - Joan Rivers, comedianâ€Å"I feel that luck is preparation meeting opportunity.† - Oprah Winfrey, entrepreneur and world dominatorOn Why It’s Okay to FailNobody likes failure- but it’s inevitable at some point. You know that song â€Å"Everybody Hurts,† by R.E.M.? The career version of it is, â€Å"everybody flops, sometimes.† Itâ₠¬â„¢s going to happen, it’s going to hurt, and you should be ready to take that failure and learn from it so you can keep moving forward. Don’t let minor failures derail your year of progress.â€Å"Failure is not the opposite of success; it’s a stepping stone to success.† - Arianna Huffington, founder of The Huffington Postâ€Å"Failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged.† - J.K. Rowling, authorOn Overcoming Career Obstacles2017 will have obstacles. That’s non-negotiable. But when you’re faced with those challenges, don’t let them stop your progress. Instead, ask yourself how they can factor into your journey.â€Å"When faced with sexism or ageism or lookism or even really aggressive Buddhism, ask yourself the following question, ‘Is this person between me and what I want to do?'† - Tina Fey, comedian and writerOn Why Being a Lone Wolf Doesn’t WorkIf you think your 2017 journey is all about you, you’re mistaken. You are the most important piece of it, yes. But being a good team member, and knowing when to rely on others is a skill that you should start practicing as early in the year as possible. It’s not just that others can help you directly (although many can); it’s just as much learning what you can from others to apply to your own professional life.â€Å"What I have discovered, is this: You can’t do it alone. As you navigate through the rest of your life, be open to collaboration. Other people and other people’s ideas are often better than your own. Find a group of people who challenge and inspire you, spend a lot of time with them, and it will change your life.† - Amy Poehler, comedian and writerâ€Å"I look for a positive attitude and are they easy to work with, are people gonna like working with them? It’s very important to like the people you work with, otherwise life [and] your job is gonna be quite miserable.† - Elon Musk, entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla Motors and SpaceXâ€Å"The best advice I ever got is: You’re the average of the five people you associate with the most.† - Tim Ferriss, author and entrepreneurOn Achieving Balance While Pursuing Your GoalsIf you have some aggressive professional goals in 2017 (new job, promotion, new approach to your existing job), don’t let those crowd out everything in your life. Making room for your personal growth, development, and happiness is just as essential. This may involve some creative thinking and sacrifices, but when you get to the other side of 2017, you don’t want to be thinking, â€Å"I wish I’d made time for thi ngs that make me happy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Believe you can do anything. This is important for everyone and especially for women. Don’t let anyone tell you can’t have both a meaningful professional career and a fulfilling personal life. When you hear someone say you can’t do something, know that you can and start figuring out how. Ask yourself, ‘What would I do if I weren’t afraid?’† - Sheryl Sandberg, COO of FacebookAs you gear up for 2017 and the banner career year you’re going to have (whether you’re looking for new opportunities or working on growing in the role you already have), think about these bits of advice given by people who’ve reached the top of their fields. And more importantly, think about how you can make these recommendations work for you, and seize your next great opportunity!

Chinas Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

Chinas Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors Back in the earliest mists of recorded history, over four thousand years ago, China was ruled by its very first dynasties: the mythical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. They ruled between about 2852 and 2070 BCE, before the time of the Xia Dynasty.   Legendary Reigns These names and reigns are legendary more than they are strictly historical. For example, the claim that both the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yao ruled for exactly 100 years immediately raises questions.   Today, these very earliest of rulers are considered demigods, folk heroes, and sages all rolled into one. The Three August Ones The Three Sovereigns, also sometimes called the Three August Ones, are named in Sima Qians Records of the Grand Historian or Shiji from about 109 BC.   According to Sima, they are the Heavenly Sovereign or Fu Xi, the Earthly Sovereign or Nuwa, and the Tai or Human Sovereign, Shennong.   The Heavenly Sovereign had twelve heads and ruled for 18,000 years.  He also had 12 sons who helped him rule the world; they divided humanity into different tribes, to keep them organized. The Earthly Sovereign, who lived for 18,000 years, had eleven heads and caused the sun and moon to move in their proper orbits. He was the king of fire, and also created several famous Chinese mountains. The Human Sovereign had only seven heads, but he had the longest lifespan of all the Three Sovereigns - 45,000 years.   (In some versions of the story, his whole dynasty lasted that long, rather than just his own life.)  He drove a chariot made of clouds and coughed the first rice out from his mouth. The Five Emperors Again according to Sima Qian, the Five Emperors were the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Emperor Yao, and Shun.   The Yellow Emperor, also known as Huangdi, supposedly ruled for an even 100 years, from 2697 to 2597 BCE.   He is considered the originator of Chinese civilization.   Many scholars believe that Huangdi was actually a deity, but was later transformed into a human ruler in Chinese mythology. The second of the Five Emperors was the Yellow Emperors grandson, Zhuanxu, who ruled for a modest 78 years.   During that time, he changed Chinas matriarchal culture to a patriarchy, created a calendar, and composed the first piece of music, which was called The Answer to the Clouds. Emperor Ku, or the White Emperor, was the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor.   He ruled from 2436 to 2366, just 70 years.   He liked to travel by dragon-back and invented the first musical instruments. The fourth of the Five Emperors, Emperor Yao, is viewed as the wisest sage-king and a paragon of moral perfection.   He and Shun the Great, the fifth emperor, may have been actual historical figures.   Many modern Chinese historians believe that these two mythological emperors represent folk memories of early, powerful warlords from the era just before the Xia Period. More Mythological Than Historical All of these names, dates, and fabulous facts are obviously more mythological than historical.   Nonetheless, it is fascinating to think that China has some sort of historical memory, if not precise records, from about 2850 BCE - almost five thousand years ago. The Three Sovereigns The Heavenly Sovereign (Fuxi)The Earthly Sovereign (Nuwa)The Human Sovereign (Shennong) The Five Emperors Huang-di (The Yellow Emperor), c. 2697 – c. 2597 BCEZhuanxu, c. 2514 – c. 2436 BCEEmperor Ku, c. 2436 – c. 2366 BCEEmperor Yao, c. 2358 – c. 2258 BCEEmperor Shun, c. 2255 – c. 2195 BCE

Outline the customer decision-making process and the influences on Essay

Outline the customer decision-making process and the influences on customer behavior - Essay Example For example: the customer realizes that he/she is on a very unhealthy diet and the cafes they eat in offer very unhealthy food. The marketers need to realize that consumers need a cafà © where they can obtain affordable food and the food should be healthy. Once the need has been identified by the consumer, next the consumer starts looking for alternatives to satisfy that particular need (Longenecker, 2012, p.57). After identifying alternatives, the customer is involved in the practice of evaluating these alternatives in order to select the best option that satisfies his/her needs (Hoyer, 2001, p.193). While looking for options the customer first looks for options he already knows about and is available in the market. The customer is mostly aware of only those brands and options that have advertised their goods and services in an aggressive manner. For example: While locating a cafà © where an individual can eat healthy food at reasonable prices, the customer may look at various options available to him/her. Once the customer has evaluated all its options, they will make the purchase decision (Longenecker, 2012, p.425). The purchase decision is dependant on various factors including how well the brand have been advertised, customer will always go for those brands that have been advertised well enough (Berkowitz, 1996, p.125). The purchase decision is even dependant on the accessibility of the option. For example: if the customer wishes to eat healthy at a cafà ©, then he/she would select a cafà © that offers healthy food. The third element on which this decision is dependant on is whether the customer has made a planned decision or has made a decision spontaneously. For example: while locating cafes that offer healthy food, customer will look at the sales representatives of the cafà © and the over all environment of the cafà ©. These decisions can be taken into account by

American Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Higher Education - Essay Example This college later turned into the Harvard University where initially the focus was on Bible studies; however, alongside with subjects relevant to philosophy, astronomy, ethics, logic etc., there were subjects similar to those of the colleges in England. Harvard was basically a dignified institution created to teach the ministers, thus, being an elitist college. The colonial era saw the establishment of nine more colleges, out of which eight were affiliated religiously; however, all were private universities targeting selected students from strong backgrounds (Cohen and Kisker 89-90). These colleges include William and Marry School, the Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers, Dartmouth, the Cowley and William College, all of which were aimed at intellectual development of the children of the privileged class. Following the war, the trend of college education started becoming popular; more and more schools started coming into existence. 1820`s and 1830`s are considered to be important years in this context as important debates were raised considering the scope and the curricula of education (Denham 45). Subjects like history were being coupled with sciences and a shift away from the medieval model took place at that time. This era also saw an increase in the number of working class owing much to the changing demographics and trends in the United States of America. Thus, the Congress became more sensitive in this context as the need to educate the masses was on the rise. ... ially the focus was on Bible studies; however, alongside with subjects relevant to philosophy, astronomy, ethics, logic etc., there were subjects similar to those of the colleges in England. Harvard was basically a dignified institution created to teach the ministers, thus, being an elitist college. The colonial era saw the establishment of nine more colleges, out of which eight were affiliated religiously; however, all were private universities targeting selected students from strong backgrounds (Cohen and Kisker 89-90). These colleges include William and Marry School, the Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers, Dartmouth, the Cowley and William College, all of which were aimed at intellectual development of the children of the privileged class. Following the war, the trend of college education started becoming popular; more and more schools started coming into existence. 1820`s and 1830`s are considered to be important years in this context as important debates were raised considering the scope and the curricula of education (Denham 45). Subjects like history were being coupled with sciences and a shift away from the medieval model took place at that time. This era also saw an increase in the number of working class owing much to the changing demographics and trends in the United States of America. Thus, the Congress became more sensitive in this context as the need to educate the masses was on the rise. Therefore, after heated debates and efforts, Congress finally passed the Morill Acts of 1862 and later in 1890 (Burtchael 62). This reform constituted a land reform system where the pieces of lands owned by the Federal Governments would be allocated to establish public schools for those students who belonged

A) what are the main attractions of an import substitution strategy Essay

A) what are the main attractions of an import substitution strategy B)how do you explain that several developing countries have not suceeded to deepen the proc - Essay Example Proponents favour the export of industrial goods over primary products. The strategy may be adopted as a matter of economic policy and to attain industrialisation. In such context, Wikipedia (2006) said: â€Å"Import substitution industrialization (also called ISI) is a trade and economic policy based on the premise that a developing country should attempt to substitute products which it imports, mostly finished goods, with locally produced substitutes. The theory is similar to that of mercantilism in that it promotes high exports and minimal imports to increase national wealth.† It further said, the policy has three major tenets: (1) an active industrial policy to subsidize and orchestrate production of strategic substitutes, (2) protective barriers to trade (namely, tariffs), and (3) a monetary policy that keeps the domestic currency overvalued. Hence import substitution policies are not favoured by advocates of absolute free trade. The failure of several developing countries of not having succeeded to deepen the process of import substitution into its second and third phase could be attributed to the defect of the strategy as determined by results. The experiences of several developing countries are thus cited below to explain the failure. We will start with the Latin American countries, followed by East Asia and then we will discuss the cases of Malaysia and the Philippines. Wikipedia (2006) said: â€Å"Import substitution policies were adopted by most nations in Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the 1950s the Argentine economist and UNECLA head Raà ºl Prebisch was a visible proponent of the idea. Prebisch believed that developing countries needed to create forward linkages domestically, and could only succeed by creating the industries that used the primary products

Buddhism in East Asia Essay Example for Free

Buddhism in East Asia Essay Many people will choose Confucianism as the most important factor in understating East Asian culture. Confucianism, indeed, is crucial in understanding the culture. However, one should not overlook the influence of Buddhism on Confucianism and many areas of East Asian culture. Buddhism, one of the world’s oldest religions and a philosophy, is shared by East Asian countries, thus in order to fully appreciate the East Asian culture, one should learn about Buddhism and its significant influence on the culture. This paper will discuss Buddhism shared by East Asian culture and how the religion played an enormous role in shaping the mindset of people affecting their culture. Buddhism started approximately in the 6th century BCE, starting with the birth of the Buddha in India. The religion then spread through Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia (Keown). Among many branches of Buddhism, Mahayana has been diffused from first west, north, and east throughout East Asia (Skilton). The fundamental principles of Mahayana are liberation from suffering and the belief in the existence of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is someone who achieved Nirvana, the state of being free from both suffering and the cycle of rebirth (Keown). One can find a carved wood elongated figure of Bodhisattva Guanyin (1999. 13. 0003) from Spurlok Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL . In this wooden figure, Guanyin is barefoot with hair wrapped in knot, wears ornate robes and holds a basket with flowers (Spurlock Museum). One can also find a photo of Bronze Seated Buddha in National Museum at Kyongbok-Kung, Seoul, South Korea (1986. 27. 0017) in Spurlock Museum . These are an important artifact and a photo because one can easily find very similar artifacts of Guanyin or Buddha in China, Korea, and Japan. It shows one how Buddhism was shared by East Asian countries (Yu). Upon first encountering Buddhism, many Chinese scholars regarded it as merely a foreign religion. This caused Buddhism to transform itself into a system that could co-exist within the Chinese way of life. Thus, filial devotion, one of the most valued by Confucianists, in Buddhist teachings became the core texts in China. It further strengthened the Confucian value by claiming that the salvation of an individual was a benefit to the society and family. Therefore, Buddhism could spread well in the Chinese population (Chen). From this point, Buddhism spread to Korea and Japan, and Buddhist ideology began to merge with Confucianism. This caused many Confucian scholars to redefine Confucianism as Neo-Confucianism (Chen). While Neo-Confucianism adapted Buddhist ideas, many Neo-Confucianists strongly opposed Buddhism. Nonetheless, Buddhism offered Confucianism important ideas such as the nature of the soul and the relation of the individual to the cosmos, ideas not explored by Confucianism (Chen). Again, Neo-Confucianism was spread through Korea and Japan, and they were all deeply influenced for more than half a millennium (Chen). Moreover, many other indigenous religions and philosophical systems in East Asia integrated the ideas and teachings of Buddhism, so it came to be a natural part of living. In conclusion, the teachings of Buddhism not only influenced in shaping the mindset of East Asian people, but also affected their philosophy of life.

Descartes’ Special Causal Principle Essays -- Philosophy essays

Descartes’ Special Causal Principle      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence.   In his Third Meditation, he establishes his "special causal principle" (SCP).   Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God.   I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving God's existence, and in this essay I will explain why.   I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists.   I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle.   A conclusion will then follow.    In Descartes Second Meditation, he established that because he is a thinking being, he exists.   In the Third Meditation, Descartes attempts to build upon this foundation by questioning whether or not anything exists outside of him.   In order to do so, he must distinguish between those of his thoughts that come from outside, and those which only seem to.   The method Descartes uses for this differentiation is the special causal principle (SCP).   At its core, the SCP is a basic cause and effect argument.   Descartes begins his rationale for the SCP as follows:    Now it is manifest by the natural light that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause.1    There are two major outcomes of this logic.   Firstly, that something cannot come from nothing, and secondly that what contains more reality (or is more perfect) cannot come from something that contains less reality (or is less perfect).   To illustrate this argu... ...clusion, there is undeniable logic in the SCP.   Once the SCP is explained to be founded on the ability to recognize self-evident truths, it becomes a reliable principle through which to explore the existence of God.   But the SCP becomes unclear and less distinct when dealing with metaphysical objects such as ideas.   By extending the SCP to ideas, Descartes ventures too far away from his notions of "clarity" and "distinctness."   Had Descartes chosen not to limit himself to his own thoughts as the sole vehicles for exploring whether or not God exists, he would likely have met with much more success.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: Cottingham, John [ed].   Meditations on First Philosophy.   Cambridge University Press.   Great Britain; 1997    Notes 1 Paragraph 41 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Paragraph 43 5 Paragraph 45 6 Paragraph 42 7 Paragraph 51    Descartes’ Special Causal Principle Essays -- Philosophy essays Descartes’ Special Causal Principle      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence.   In his Third Meditation, he establishes his "special causal principle" (SCP).   Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God.   I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving God's existence, and in this essay I will explain why.   I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists.   I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle.   A conclusion will then follow.    In Descartes Second Meditation, he established that because he is a thinking being, he exists.   In the Third Meditation, Descartes attempts to build upon this foundation by questioning whether or not anything exists outside of him.   In order to do so, he must distinguish between those of his thoughts that come from outside, and those which only seem to.   The method Descartes uses for this differentiation is the special causal principle (SCP).   At its core, the SCP is a basic cause and effect argument.   Descartes begins his rationale for the SCP as follows:    Now it is manifest by the natural light that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause.1    There are two major outcomes of this logic.   Firstly, that something cannot come from nothing, and secondly that what contains more reality (or is more perfect) cannot come from something that contains less reality (or is less perfect).   To illustrate this argu... ...clusion, there is undeniable logic in the SCP.   Once the SCP is explained to be founded on the ability to recognize self-evident truths, it becomes a reliable principle through which to explore the existence of God.   But the SCP becomes unclear and less distinct when dealing with metaphysical objects such as ideas.   By extending the SCP to ideas, Descartes ventures too far away from his notions of "clarity" and "distinctness."   Had Descartes chosen not to limit himself to his own thoughts as the sole vehicles for exploring whether or not God exists, he would likely have met with much more success.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: Cottingham, John [ed].   Meditations on First Philosophy.   Cambridge University Press.   Great Britain; 1997    Notes 1 Paragraph 41 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Paragraph 43 5 Paragraph 45 6 Paragraph 42 7 Paragraph 51   

True Wealth Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one asks themselves "what is wealth," people immediately think of money. They think of nice cars and big houses. People think of power and the ability to have control over others. When I was in elementary school I believed this same thing. Now that I am in college my outlook on what wealth is has changed dramatically. To me wealth is contentment and knowledge. With these two things will come the greatest wealth a person can achieve. Money does not necessarily mean contentment although some people think that it does. Wealth is not having money, property, and power if these things cannot make a person truly content. These things do not necessarily bring wisdom either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think of wealth a quotation comes to mind. It was said by Henry David Thoreau:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of generations and nations... Their authors are a natural and irresistible   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aristocracy in every society, and, more than kings or emperors, exert an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  influence on mankind."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that if one chooses to enrich their mind and strive for knowledge that they are truly wealthy. Wealth is the ability to enrich and influence. With knowledge one can do these things. Wealth is not taking things for granted. In many ways knowledge can help you achieve success. With knowledge one can look into the past and see the mistakes that others have made. The person with knowledge will not repeat these mistakes. Kn...